Submitted By:            Rahul Chandra <rahulshaku2_at_gmail_dot_com>
Date:                    2023-07-20
Initial Package Version: 21.1.8
Upstream Status:         In Master
Origin:                  Master Gitlab
Description:             Backport of the TearFree option from Xorg master
diff --color -Naur --exclude .git xorg-server-21.1.8/dix/pixmap.c xorg-server-21.1.8-patched/dix/pixmap.c
--- xorg-server-21.1.8/dix/pixmap.c	2023-03-29 08:55:03.000000000 -0400
+++ xorg-server-21.1.8-patched/dix/pixmap.c	2023-07-19 23:22:36.142198348 -0400
@@ -262,12 +262,11 @@
     return TRUE;
 }
 
-static void
-PixmapDirtyCopyArea(PixmapPtr dst,
-                    PixmapDirtyUpdatePtr dirty,
+void
+PixmapDirtyCopyArea(PixmapPtr dst, DrawablePtr src,
+                    int x, int y, int dst_x, int dst_y,
                     RegionPtr dirty_region)
 {
-    DrawablePtr src = dirty->src;
     ScreenPtr pScreen = src->pScreen;
     int n;
     BoxPtr b;
@@ -294,14 +293,14 @@
         h = dst_box.y2 - dst_box.y1;
 
         pGC->ops->CopyArea(src, &dst->drawable, pGC,
-                           dirty->x + dst_box.x1, dirty->y + dst_box.y1, w, h,
-                           dirty->dst_x + dst_box.x1,
-                           dirty->dst_y + dst_box.y1);
+                           x + dst_box.x1, y + dst_box.y1, w, h,
+                           dst_x + dst_box.x1, dst_y + dst_box.y1);
         b++;
     }
     FreeScratchGC(pGC);
 }
 
+
 static void
 PixmapDirtyCompositeRotate(PixmapPtr dst_pixmap,
                            PixmapDirtyUpdatePtr dirty,
@@ -408,7 +407,8 @@
     RegionTranslate(&pixregion, -dirty->x, -dirty->y);
 
     if (!pScreen->root || dirty->rotation == RR_Rotate_0)
-        PixmapDirtyCopyArea(dst, dirty, &pixregion);
+        PixmapDirtyCopyArea(dst, dirty->src, dirty->x, dirty->y,
+                            dirty->dst_x, dirty->dst_y, &pixregion);
     else
         PixmapDirtyCompositeRotate(dst, dirty, &pixregion);
     pScreen->SourceValidate = SourceValidate;
diff --color -Naur --exclude .git xorg-server-21.1.8/hw/xfree86/drivers/modesetting/driver.c xorg-server-21.1.8-patched/hw/xfree86/drivers/modesetting/driver.c
--- xorg-server-21.1.8/hw/xfree86/drivers/modesetting/driver.c	2023-03-29 08:55:03.000000000 -0400
+++ xorg-server-21.1.8-patched/hw/xfree86/drivers/modesetting/driver.c	2023-07-19 23:11:47.097508779 -0400
@@ -145,6 +145,7 @@
     {OPTION_VARIABLE_REFRESH, "VariableRefresh", OPTV_BOOLEAN, {0}, FALSE},
     {OPTION_USE_GAMMA_LUT, "UseGammaLUT", OPTV_BOOLEAN, {0}, FALSE},
     {OPTION_ASYNC_FLIP_SECONDARIES, "AsyncFlipSecondaries", OPTV_BOOLEAN, {0}, FALSE},
+    {OPTION_TEARFREE, "TearFree", OPTV_BOOLEAN, {0}, FALSE},
     {-1, NULL, OPTV_NONE, {0}, FALSE}
 };
 
@@ -515,15 +516,49 @@
     return TRUE;
 }
 
+static void
+rotate_clip(PixmapPtr pixmap, BoxPtr rect, drmModeClip *clip, Rotation rotation)
+{
+    int w = pixmap->drawable.width;
+    int h = pixmap->drawable.height;
+
+    if (rotation == RR_Rotate_90) {
+	/* Rotate 90 degrees counter clockwise */
+        clip->x1 = rect->y1;
+	clip->x2 = rect->y2;
+	clip->y1 = w - rect->x2;
+	clip->y2 = w - rect->x1;
+    } else if (rotation == RR_Rotate_180) {
+	/* Rotate 180 degrees */
+        clip->x1 = w - rect->x2;
+	clip->x2 = w - rect->x1;
+	clip->y1 = h - rect->y2;
+	clip->y2 = h - rect->y1;
+    } else if (rotation == RR_Rotate_270) {
+	/* Rotate 90 degrees clockwise */
+        clip->x1 = h - rect->y2;
+	clip->x2 = h - rect->y1;
+	clip->y1 = rect->x1;
+	clip->y2 = rect->x2;
+    } else {
+	clip->x1 = rect->x1;
+	clip->x2 = rect->x2;
+	clip->y1 = rect->y1;
+	clip->y2 = rect->y2;
+    }
+}
+
 static int
-dispatch_dirty_region(ScrnInfoPtr scrn,
-                      PixmapPtr pixmap, DamagePtr damage, int fb_id)
+dispatch_damages(ScrnInfoPtr scrn, xf86CrtcPtr crtc, RegionPtr dirty,
+                 PixmapPtr pixmap, DamagePtr damage, int fb_id)
 {
     modesettingPtr ms = modesettingPTR(scrn);
-    RegionPtr dirty = DamageRegion(damage);
     unsigned num_cliprects = REGION_NUM_RECTS(dirty);
     int ret = 0;
 
+    if (!ms->dirty_enabled)
+        return 0;
+
     if (num_cliprects) {
         drmModeClip *clip = xallocarray(num_cliprects, sizeof(drmModeClip));
         BoxPtr rect = REGION_RECTS(dirty);
@@ -532,13 +567,9 @@
         if (!clip)
             return -ENOMEM;
 
-        /* XXX no need for copy? */
-        for (i = 0; i < num_cliprects; i++, rect++) {
-            clip[i].x1 = rect->x1;
-            clip[i].y1 = rect->y1;
-            clip[i].x2 = rect->x2;
-            clip[i].y2 = rect->y2;
-        }
+        /* Rotate and copy rects into clips */
+        for (i = 0; i < num_cliprects; i++, rect++)
+	    rotate_clip(pixmap, rect, &clip[i], crtc->rotation);
 
         /* TODO query connector property to see if this is needed */
         ret = drmModeDirtyFB(ms->fd, fb_id, clip, num_cliprects);
@@ -551,30 +582,130 @@
             }
         }
 
+        if (ret == -EINVAL || ret == -ENOSYS) {
+            xf86DrvMsg(scrn->scrnIndex, X_INFO,
+                       "Disabling kernel dirty updates, not required.\n");
+            ms->dirty_enabled = FALSE;
+        }
+
         free(clip);
-        DamageEmpty(damage);
+        if (damage)
+            DamageEmpty(damage);
     }
     return ret;
 }
 
+static int
+dispatch_dirty_region(ScrnInfoPtr scrn, xf86CrtcPtr crtc,
+                      PixmapPtr pixmap, DamagePtr damage, int fb_id)
+{
+    return dispatch_damages(scrn, crtc, DamageRegion(damage),
+                            pixmap, damage, fb_id);
+}
+
+static void
+ms_tearfree_update_damages(ScreenPtr pScreen)
+{
+    ScrnInfoPtr scrn = xf86ScreenToScrn(pScreen);
+    xf86CrtcConfigPtr xf86_config = XF86_CRTC_CONFIG_PTR(scrn);
+    modesettingPtr ms = modesettingPTR(scrn);
+    RegionPtr dirty = DamageRegion(ms->damage);
+    int c, i;
+
+    if (RegionNil(dirty))
+        return;
+
+    for (c = 0; c < xf86_config->num_crtc; c++) {
+        xf86CrtcPtr crtc = xf86_config->crtc[c];
+        drmmode_crtc_private_ptr drmmode_crtc = crtc->driver_private;
+        drmmode_tearfree_ptr trf = &drmmode_crtc->tearfree;
+        RegionRec region;
+
+        /* Compute how much of the damage intersects with this CRTC */
+        RegionInit(&region, &crtc->bounds, 0);
+        RegionIntersect(&region, &region, dirty);
+
+        if (trf->buf[0].px) {
+            for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(trf->buf); i++)
+                RegionUnion(&trf->buf[i].dmg, &trf->buf[i].dmg, &region);
+        } else {
+            /* Just notify the kernel of the damages if TearFree isn't used */
+            dispatch_damages(scrn, crtc, &region,
+                             pScreen->GetScreenPixmap(pScreen),
+                             NULL, ms->drmmode.fb_id);
+        }
+    }
+    DamageEmpty(ms->damage);
+}
+
+static void
+ms_tearfree_do_flips(ScreenPtr pScreen)
+{
+#ifdef GLAMOR_HAS_GBM
+    ScrnInfoPtr scrn = xf86ScreenToScrn(pScreen);
+    xf86CrtcConfigPtr xf86_config = XF86_CRTC_CONFIG_PTR(scrn);
+    modesettingPtr ms = modesettingPTR(scrn);
+    int c;
+
+    if (!ms->drmmode.tearfree_enable)
+        return;
+
+    for (c = 0; c < xf86_config->num_crtc; c++) {
+        xf86CrtcPtr crtc = xf86_config->crtc[c];
+        drmmode_crtc_private_ptr drmmode_crtc = crtc->driver_private;
+        drmmode_tearfree_ptr trf = &drmmode_crtc->tearfree;
+
+        if (!ms_tearfree_is_active_on_crtc(crtc)) {
+            /* Notify any lingering DRI clients waiting for a flip to finish */
+            ms_tearfree_dri_abort_all(crtc);
+            continue;
+        }
+
+        /* Skip if the last flip is still pending, a DRI client is flipping, or
+         * there isn't any damage on the front buffer.
+         */
+        if (trf->flip_seq || ms->drmmode.dri2_flipping ||
+            ms->drmmode.present_flipping ||
+            RegionNil(&trf->buf[trf->back_idx ^ 1].dmg))
+            continue;
+
+        /* Flip. If it fails, notify the kernel of the front buffer damages */
+        if (ms_do_tearfree_flip(pScreen, crtc)) {
+            dispatch_damages(scrn, crtc, &trf->buf[trf->back_idx ^ 1].dmg,
+                             trf->buf[trf->back_idx ^ 1].px, NULL,
+                             trf->buf[trf->back_idx ^ 1].fb_id);
+            RegionEmpty(&trf->buf[trf->back_idx ^ 1].dmg);
+        }
+    }
+#endif
+}
+
 static void
 dispatch_dirty(ScreenPtr pScreen)
 {
     ScrnInfoPtr scrn = xf86ScreenToScrn(pScreen);
+    xf86CrtcConfigPtr xf86_config = XF86_CRTC_CONFIG_PTR(scrn);
     modesettingPtr ms = modesettingPTR(scrn);
     PixmapPtr pixmap = pScreen->GetScreenPixmap(pScreen);
-    int fb_id = ms->drmmode.fb_id;
-    int ret;
+    uint32_t fb_id;
+    int ret, c, x, y ;
 
-    ret = dispatch_dirty_region(scrn, pixmap, ms->damage, fb_id);
-    if (ret == -EINVAL || ret == -ENOSYS) {
-        ms->dirty_enabled = FALSE;
-        DamageUnregister(ms->damage);
-        DamageDestroy(ms->damage);
-        ms->damage = NULL;
-        xf86DrvMsg(scrn->scrnIndex, X_INFO,
-                   "Disabling kernel dirty updates, not required.\n");
-        return;
+    for (c = 0; c < xf86_config->num_crtc; c++) {
+        xf86CrtcPtr crtc = xf86_config->crtc[c];
+        drmmode_crtc_private_ptr drmmode_crtc = crtc->driver_private;
+
+        if (!drmmode_crtc)
+            continue;
+
+	drmmode_crtc_get_fb_id(crtc, &fb_id, &x, &y);
+
+        ret = dispatch_dirty_region(scrn, crtc, pixmap, ms->damage, fb_id);
+        if (ret == -EINVAL || ret == -ENOSYS) {
+            DamageUnregister(ms->damage);
+            DamageDestroy(ms->damage);
+            ms->damage = NULL;
+            return;
+        }
     }
 }
 
@@ -586,7 +717,7 @@
     DamagePtr damage = ppriv->secondary_damage;
     int fb_id = ppriv->fb_id;
 
-    dispatch_dirty_region(scrn, ppix, damage, fb_id);
+    dispatch_dirty_region(scrn, crtc, ppix, damage, fb_id);
 }
 
 static void
@@ -703,10 +834,13 @@
     pScreen->BlockHandler = msBlockHandler;
     if (pScreen->isGPU && !ms->drmmode.reverse_prime_offload_mode)
         dispatch_secondary_dirty(pScreen);
+    else if (ms->drmmode.tearfree_enable)
+        ms_tearfree_update_damages(pScreen);
     else if (ms->dirty_enabled)
         dispatch_dirty(pScreen);
 
     ms_dirty_update(pScreen, timeout);
+    ms_tearfree_do_flips(pScreen);
 }
 
 static void
@@ -1238,9 +1372,34 @@
     if (xf86ReturnOptValBool(ms->drmmode.Options, OPTION_ATOMIC, FALSE)) {
         ret = drmSetClientCap(ms->fd, DRM_CLIENT_CAP_ATOMIC, 1);
         ms->atomic_modeset = (ret == 0);
+        if (!ms->atomic_modeset)
+            xf86DrvMsg(pScrn->scrnIndex, X_WARNING, "Atomic modesetting not supported\n");
     } else {
         ms->atomic_modeset = FALSE;
     }
+    xf86DrvMsg(pScrn->scrnIndex, X_INFO,
+               "Atomic modesetting %sabled\n", ms->atomic_modeset ? "en" : "dis");
+
+    /* TearFree requires glamor and, if PageFlip is enabled, universal planes */
+    if (xf86ReturnOptValBool(ms->drmmode.Options, OPTION_TEARFREE, FALSE)) {
+        if (pScrn->is_gpu) {
+            xf86DrvMsg(pScrn->scrnIndex, X_WARNING,
+                       "TearFree cannot synchronize PRIME; use 'PRIME Synchronization' instead\n");
+        } else if (ms->drmmode.glamor) {
+            /* Atomic modesetting implicitly enables universal planes */
+            if (!ms->drmmode.pageflip || ms->atomic_modeset ||
+                !drmSetClientCap(ms->fd, DRM_CLIENT_CAP_UNIVERSAL_PLANES, 1)) {
+                ms->drmmode.tearfree_enable = TRUE;
+                xf86DrvMsg(pScrn->scrnIndex, X_INFO, "TearFree: enabled\n");
+            } else {
+                xf86DrvMsg(pScrn->scrnIndex, X_WARNING,
+                           "TearFree requires either universal planes, or setting 'Option \"PageFlip\" \"off\"'\n");
+            }
+        } else {
+            xf86DrvMsg(pScrn->scrnIndex, X_WARNING,
+                       "TearFree requires Glamor acceleration\n");
+        }
+    }
 
     ms->kms_has_modifiers = FALSE;
     ret = drmGetCap(ms->fd, DRM_CAP_ADDFB2_MODIFIERS, &value);
@@ -1589,13 +1748,13 @@
 
     err = drmModeDirtyFB(ms->fd, ms->drmmode.fb_id, NULL, 0);
 
-    if (err != -EINVAL && err != -ENOSYS) {
+    if ((err != -EINVAL && err != -ENOSYS) || ms->drmmode.tearfree_enable) {
         ms->damage = DamageCreate(NULL, NULL, DamageReportNone, TRUE,
                                   pScreen, rootPixmap);
 
         if (ms->damage) {
             DamageRegister(&rootPixmap->drawable, ms->damage);
-            ms->dirty_enabled = TRUE;
+            ms->dirty_enabled = err != -EINVAL && err != -ENOSYS;
             xf86DrvMsg(pScrn->scrnIndex, X_INFO, "Damage tracking initialized\n");
         }
         else {
diff --color -Naur --exclude .git xorg-server-21.1.8/hw/xfree86/drivers/modesetting/driver.h xorg-server-21.1.8-patched/hw/xfree86/drivers/modesetting/driver.h
--- xorg-server-21.1.8/hw/xfree86/drivers/modesetting/driver.h	2023-03-29 08:55:03.000000000 -0400
+++ xorg-server-21.1.8-patched/hw/xfree86/drivers/modesetting/driver.h	2023-07-19 23:11:47.097508779 -0400
@@ -61,6 +61,7 @@
     OPTION_VARIABLE_REFRESH,
     OPTION_USE_GAMMA_LUT,
     OPTION_ASYNC_FLIP_SECONDARIES,
+    OPTION_TEARFREE,
 } modesettingOpts;
 
 typedef struct
@@ -86,10 +87,13 @@
     struct xorg_list list;
     xf86CrtcPtr crtc;
     uint32_t seq;
+    uint64_t msc;
     void *data;
     ScrnInfoPtr scrn;
     ms_drm_handler_proc handler;
     ms_drm_abort_proc abort;
+    Bool kernel_queued;
+    Bool aborted;
 };
 
 typedef struct _modesettingRec {
@@ -232,14 +236,25 @@
 Bool ms_do_pageflip(ScreenPtr screen,
                     PixmapPtr new_front,
                     void *event,
-                    int ref_crtc_vblank_pipe,
+                    xf86CrtcPtr ref_crtc,
                     Bool async,
                     ms_pageflip_handler_proc pageflip_handler,
                     ms_pageflip_abort_proc pageflip_abort,
                     const char *log_prefix);
 
+Bool
+ms_tearfree_dri_abort(xf86CrtcPtr crtc,
+                      Bool (*match)(void *data, void *match_data),
+                      void *match_data);
+
+void
+ms_tearfree_dri_abort_all(xf86CrtcPtr crtc);
+
+Bool ms_do_tearfree_flip(ScreenPtr screen, xf86CrtcPtr crtc);
+
 #endif
 
 int ms_flush_drm_events(ScreenPtr screen);
 Bool ms_window_has_variable_refresh(modesettingPtr ms, WindowPtr win);
 void ms_present_set_screen_vrr(ScrnInfoPtr scrn, Bool vrr_enabled);
+Bool ms_tearfree_is_active_on_crtc(xf86CrtcPtr crtc);
diff --color -Naur --exclude .git xorg-server-21.1.8/hw/xfree86/drivers/modesetting/drmmode_display.c xorg-server-21.1.8-patched/hw/xfree86/drivers/modesetting/drmmode_display.c
--- xorg-server-21.1.8/hw/xfree86/drivers/modesetting/drmmode_display.c	2023-03-29 08:55:03.000000000 -0400
+++ xorg-server-21.1.8-patched/hw/xfree86/drivers/modesetting/drmmode_display.c	2023-07-19 23:11:47.097508779 -0400
@@ -519,13 +519,13 @@
 }
 
 static int
-drmmode_CompareKModes(drmModeModeInfo * kmode, drmModeModeInfo * other)
+drmmode_CompareKModes(const drmModeModeInfo * kmode, const drmModeModeInfo * other)
 {
     return memcmp(kmode, other, sizeof(*kmode));
 }
 
 static int
-drm_mode_ensure_blob(xf86CrtcPtr crtc, drmModeModeInfo mode_info)
+drm_mode_ensure_blob(xf86CrtcPtr crtc, const drmModeModeInfo* mode_info)
 {
     modesettingPtr ms = modesettingPTR(crtc->scrn);
     drmmode_crtc_private_ptr drmmode_crtc = crtc->driver_private;
@@ -533,14 +533,14 @@
     int ret;
 
     if (drmmode_crtc->current_mode &&
-        drmmode_CompareKModes(&drmmode_crtc->current_mode->mode_info, &mode_info) == 0)
+        drmmode_CompareKModes(&drmmode_crtc->current_mode->mode_info, mode_info) == 0)
         return 0;
 
     mode = calloc(sizeof(drmmode_mode_rec), 1);
     if (!mode)
         return -1;
 
-    mode->mode_info = mode_info;
+    mode->mode_info = *mode_info;
     ret = drmModeCreatePropertyBlob(ms->fd,
                                     &mode->mode_info,
                                     sizeof(mode->mode_info),
@@ -589,7 +589,7 @@
         drmModeModeInfo kmode;
 
         drmmode_ConvertToKMode(crtc->scrn, &kmode, &crtc->mode);
-        ret |= drm_mode_ensure_blob(crtc, kmode);
+        ret |= drm_mode_ensure_blob(crtc, &kmode);
 
         ret |= crtc_add_prop(req, drmmode_crtc,
                              DRMMODE_CRTC_ACTIVE, 1);
@@ -627,11 +627,12 @@
     return ms->atomic_modeset;
 }
 
-static Bool
+Bool
 drmmode_crtc_get_fb_id(xf86CrtcPtr crtc, uint32_t *fb_id, int *x, int *y)
 {
     drmmode_crtc_private_ptr drmmode_crtc = crtc->driver_private;
     drmmode_ptr drmmode = drmmode_crtc->drmmode;
+    drmmode_tearfree_ptr trf = &drmmode_crtc->tearfree;
     int ret;
 
     *fb_id = 0;
@@ -646,6 +647,10 @@
             *x = drmmode_crtc->prime_pixmap_x;
         *y = 0;
     }
+    else if (trf->buf[trf->back_idx ^ 1].px) {
+        *fb_id = trf->buf[trf->back_idx ^ 1].fb_id;
+        *x = *y = 0;
+    }
     else if (drmmode_crtc->rotate_fb_id) {
         *fb_id = drmmode_crtc->rotate_fb_id;
         *x = *y = 0;
@@ -922,6 +927,10 @@
     drmmode_ConvertToKMode(crtc->scrn, &kmode, &crtc->mode);
     ret = drmModeSetCrtc(drmmode->fd, drmmode_crtc->mode_crtc->crtc_id,
                          fb_id, x, y, output_ids, output_count, &kmode);
+    if (!ret && !ms->atomic_modeset) {
+        drmmode_crtc->src_x = x;
+        drmmode_crtc->src_y = y;
+    }
 
     drmmode_set_ctm(crtc, ctm);
 
@@ -930,7 +939,8 @@
 }
 
 int
-drmmode_crtc_flip(xf86CrtcPtr crtc, uint32_t fb_id, uint32_t flags, void *data)
+drmmode_crtc_flip(xf86CrtcPtr crtc, uint32_t fb_id, int x, int y,
+                  uint32_t flags, void *data)
 {
     modesettingPtr ms = modesettingPTR(crtc->scrn);
     drmmode_crtc_private_ptr drmmode_crtc = crtc->driver_private;
@@ -942,7 +952,7 @@
         if (!req)
             return 1;
 
-        ret = plane_add_props(req, crtc, fb_id, crtc->x, crtc->y);
+        ret = plane_add_props(req, crtc, fb_id, x, y);
         flags |= DRM_MODE_ATOMIC_NONBLOCK;
         if (ret == 0)
             ret = drmModeAtomicCommit(ms->fd, req, flags, data);
@@ -950,6 +960,26 @@
         return ret;
     }
 
+    /* The frame buffer source coordinates may change when switching between the
+     * primary frame buffer and a per-CRTC frame buffer. Set the correct source
+     * coordinates if they differ for this flip.
+     */
+    if (drmmode_crtc->src_x != x || drmmode_crtc->src_y != y) {
+        ret = drmModeSetPlane(ms->fd, drmmode_crtc->plane_id,
+                              drmmode_crtc->mode_crtc->crtc_id, fb_id, 0,
+                              0, 0, crtc->mode.HDisplay, crtc->mode.VDisplay,
+                              x << 16, y << 16, crtc->mode.HDisplay << 16,
+                              crtc->mode.VDisplay << 16);
+        if (ret) {
+            xf86DrvMsg(crtc->scrn->scrnIndex, X_WARNING,
+                       "error changing fb src coordinates for flip: %d\n", ret);
+            return ret;
+        }
+
+        drmmode_crtc->src_x = x;
+        drmmode_crtc->src_y = y;
+    }
+
     return drmModePageFlip(ms->fd, drmmode_crtc->mode_crtc->crtc_id,
                            fb_id, flags, data);
 }
@@ -1548,6 +1578,90 @@
 #endif
 }
 
+void
+drmmode_copy_damage(xf86CrtcPtr crtc, PixmapPtr dst, RegionPtr dmg, Bool empty)
+{
+#ifdef GLAMOR_HAS_GBM
+    ScreenPtr pScreen = xf86ScrnToScreen(crtc->scrn);
+    DrawableRec *src;
+
+    /* Copy the screen's pixmap into the destination pixmap */
+    if (crtc->rotatedPixmap) {
+        src = &crtc->rotatedPixmap->drawable;
+        xf86RotateCrtcRedisplay(crtc, dst, src, dmg, FALSE);
+    } else {
+        src = &pScreen->GetScreenPixmap(pScreen)->drawable;
+        PixmapDirtyCopyArea(dst, src, 0, 0, -crtc->x, -crtc->y, dmg);
+    }
+
+    /* Reset the damages if requested */
+    if (empty)
+        RegionEmpty(dmg);
+
+    /* Wait until the GC operations finish */
+    modesettingPTR(crtc->scrn)->glamor.finish(pScreen);
+#endif
+}
+
+static void
+drmmode_shadow_fb_destroy(xf86CrtcPtr crtc, PixmapPtr pixmap,
+                          void *data, drmmode_bo *bo, uint32_t *fb_id);
+static void
+drmmode_destroy_tearfree_shadow(xf86CrtcPtr crtc)
+{
+    drmmode_crtc_private_ptr drmmode_crtc = crtc->driver_private;
+    drmmode_tearfree_ptr trf = &drmmode_crtc->tearfree;
+    int i;
+
+    if (trf->flip_seq)
+        ms_drm_abort_seq(crtc->scrn, trf->flip_seq);
+
+    for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(trf->buf); i++) {
+        if (trf->buf[i].px) {
+            drmmode_shadow_fb_destroy(crtc, trf->buf[i].px, (void *)(long)1,
+                                      &trf->buf[i].bo, &trf->buf[i].fb_id);
+            trf->buf[i].px = NULL;
+            RegionUninit(&trf->buf[i].dmg);
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+static PixmapPtr
+drmmode_shadow_fb_create(xf86CrtcPtr crtc, void *data, int width, int height,
+                         drmmode_bo *bo, uint32_t *fb_id);
+static Bool
+drmmode_create_tearfree_shadow(xf86CrtcPtr crtc)
+{
+    drmmode_crtc_private_ptr drmmode_crtc = crtc->driver_private;
+    drmmode_ptr drmmode = drmmode_crtc->drmmode;
+    drmmode_tearfree_ptr trf = &drmmode_crtc->tearfree;
+    uint32_t w = crtc->mode.HDisplay, h = crtc->mode.VDisplay;
+    int i;
+
+    if (!drmmode->tearfree_enable)
+        return TRUE;
+
+    /* Destroy the old mode's buffers and make new ones */
+    drmmode_destroy_tearfree_shadow(crtc);
+    for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(trf->buf); i++) {
+        trf->buf[i].px = drmmode_shadow_fb_create(crtc, NULL, w, h,
+                                                  &trf->buf[i].bo,
+                                                  &trf->buf[i].fb_id);
+        if (!trf->buf[i].px) {
+            drmmode_destroy_tearfree_shadow(crtc);
+            xf86DrvMsg(crtc->scrn->scrnIndex, X_ERROR,
+                       "shadow creation failed for TearFree buf%d\n", i);
+            return FALSE;
+        }
+        RegionInit(&trf->buf[i].dmg, &crtc->bounds, 0);
+    }
+
+    /* Initialize the front buffer with the current scanout */
+    drmmode_copy_damage(crtc, trf->buf[trf->back_idx ^ 1].px,
+                        &trf->buf[trf->back_idx ^ 1].dmg, TRUE);
+    return TRUE;
+}
+
 static Bool
 drmmode_set_mode_major(xf86CrtcPtr crtc, DisplayModePtr mode,
                        Rotation rotation, int x, int y)
@@ -1581,6 +1695,10 @@
         crtc->funcs->gamma_set(crtc, crtc->gamma_red, crtc->gamma_green,
                                crtc->gamma_blue, crtc->gamma_size);
 
+        ret = drmmode_create_tearfree_shadow(crtc);
+        if (!ret)
+            goto done;
+
         can_test = drmmode_crtc_can_test_mode(crtc);
         if (drmmode_crtc_set_mode(crtc, can_test)) {
             xf86DrvMsg(crtc->scrn->scrnIndex, X_ERROR,
@@ -1626,6 +1744,7 @@
         crtc->y = saved_y;
         crtc->rotation = saved_rotation;
         crtc->mode = saved_mode;
+        drmmode_create_tearfree_shadow(crtc);
     } else
         crtc->active = TRUE;
 
@@ -1931,33 +2050,42 @@
 }
 
 static void *
-drmmode_shadow_allocate(xf86CrtcPtr crtc, int width, int height)
+drmmode_shadow_fb_allocate(xf86CrtcPtr crtc, int width, int height,
+                           drmmode_bo *bo, uint32_t *fb_id)
 {
     drmmode_crtc_private_ptr drmmode_crtc = crtc->driver_private;
     drmmode_ptr drmmode = drmmode_crtc->drmmode;
     int ret;
 
-    if (!drmmode_create_bo(drmmode, &drmmode_crtc->rotate_bo,
-                           width, height, drmmode->kbpp)) {
+    if (!drmmode_create_bo(drmmode, bo, width, height, drmmode->kbpp)) {
         xf86DrvMsg(crtc->scrn->scrnIndex, X_ERROR,
                "Couldn't allocate shadow memory for rotated CRTC\n");
         return NULL;
     }
 
-    ret = drmmode_bo_import(drmmode, &drmmode_crtc->rotate_bo,
-                            &drmmode_crtc->rotate_fb_id);
+    ret = drmmode_bo_import(drmmode, bo, fb_id);
 
     if (ret) {
         ErrorF("failed to add rotate fb\n");
-        drmmode_bo_destroy(drmmode, &drmmode_crtc->rotate_bo);
+        drmmode_bo_destroy(drmmode, bo);
         return NULL;
     }
 
 #ifdef GLAMOR_HAS_GBM
     if (drmmode->gbm)
-        return drmmode_crtc->rotate_bo.gbm;
+        return bo->gbm;
 #endif
-    return drmmode_crtc->rotate_bo.dumb;
+    return bo->dumb;
+}
+
+static void *
+drmmode_shadow_allocate(xf86CrtcPtr crtc, int width, int height)
+{
+    drmmode_crtc_private_ptr drmmode_crtc = crtc->driver_private;
+
+    return drmmode_shadow_fb_allocate(crtc, width, height,
+                                      &drmmode_crtc->rotate_bo,
+                                      &drmmode_crtc->rotate_fb_id);
 }
 
 static PixmapPtr
@@ -1983,71 +2111,92 @@
 drmmode_set_pixmap_bo(drmmode_ptr drmmode, PixmapPtr pixmap, drmmode_bo *bo);
 
 static PixmapPtr
-drmmode_shadow_create(xf86CrtcPtr crtc, void *data, int width, int height)
+drmmode_shadow_fb_create(xf86CrtcPtr crtc, void *data, int width, int height,
+                         drmmode_bo *bo, uint32_t *fb_id)
 {
     ScrnInfoPtr scrn = crtc->scrn;
     drmmode_crtc_private_ptr drmmode_crtc = crtc->driver_private;
     drmmode_ptr drmmode = drmmode_crtc->drmmode;
-    uint32_t rotate_pitch;
-    PixmapPtr rotate_pixmap;
+    uint32_t pitch;
+    PixmapPtr pixmap;
     void *pPixData = NULL;
 
     if (!data) {
-        data = drmmode_shadow_allocate(crtc, width, height);
+        data = drmmode_shadow_fb_allocate(crtc, width, height, bo, fb_id);
         if (!data) {
             xf86DrvMsg(scrn->scrnIndex, X_ERROR,
-                       "Couldn't allocate shadow pixmap for rotated CRTC\n");
+                       "Couldn't allocate shadow pixmap for CRTC\n");
             return NULL;
         }
     }
 
-    if (!drmmode_bo_has_bo(&drmmode_crtc->rotate_bo)) {
+    if (!drmmode_bo_has_bo(bo)) {
         xf86DrvMsg(scrn->scrnIndex, X_ERROR,
-                   "Couldn't allocate shadow pixmap for rotated CRTC\n");
+                   "Couldn't allocate shadow pixmap for CRTC\n");
         return NULL;
     }
 
-    pPixData = drmmode_bo_map(drmmode, &drmmode_crtc->rotate_bo);
-    rotate_pitch = drmmode_bo_get_pitch(&drmmode_crtc->rotate_bo);
+    pPixData = drmmode_bo_map(drmmode, bo);
+    pitch = drmmode_bo_get_pitch(bo);
 
-    rotate_pixmap = drmmode_create_pixmap_header(scrn->pScreen,
-                                                 width, height,
-                                                 scrn->depth,
-                                                 drmmode->kbpp,
-                                                 rotate_pitch,
-                                                 pPixData);
+    pixmap = drmmode_create_pixmap_header(scrn->pScreen,
+                                          width, height,
+                                          scrn->depth,
+                                          drmmode->kbpp,
+                                          pitch,
+                                          pPixData);
 
-    if (rotate_pixmap == NULL) {
+    if (pixmap == NULL) {
         xf86DrvMsg(scrn->scrnIndex, X_ERROR,
-                   "Couldn't allocate shadow pixmap for rotated CRTC\n");
+                   "Couldn't allocate shadow pixmap for CRTC\n");
         return NULL;
     }
 
-    drmmode_set_pixmap_bo(drmmode, rotate_pixmap, &drmmode_crtc->rotate_bo);
+    drmmode_set_pixmap_bo(drmmode, pixmap, bo);
 
-    return rotate_pixmap;
+    return pixmap;
+}
+
+static PixmapPtr
+drmmode_shadow_create(xf86CrtcPtr crtc, void *data, int width, int height)
+{
+    drmmode_crtc_private_ptr drmmode_crtc = crtc->driver_private;
+
+    return drmmode_shadow_fb_create(crtc, data, width, height,
+                                    &drmmode_crtc->rotate_bo,
+                                    &drmmode_crtc->rotate_fb_id);
 }
 
 static void
-drmmode_shadow_destroy(xf86CrtcPtr crtc, PixmapPtr rotate_pixmap, void *data)
+drmmode_shadow_fb_destroy(xf86CrtcPtr crtc, PixmapPtr pixmap,
+                          void *data, drmmode_bo *bo, uint32_t *fb_id)
 {
     drmmode_crtc_private_ptr drmmode_crtc = crtc->driver_private;
     drmmode_ptr drmmode = drmmode_crtc->drmmode;
 
-    if (rotate_pixmap) {
-        rotate_pixmap->drawable.pScreen->DestroyPixmap(rotate_pixmap);
+    if (pixmap) {
+        pixmap->drawable.pScreen->DestroyPixmap(pixmap);
     }
 
     if (data) {
-        drmModeRmFB(drmmode->fd, drmmode_crtc->rotate_fb_id);
-        drmmode_crtc->rotate_fb_id = 0;
+        drmModeRmFB(drmmode->fd, *fb_id);
+        *fb_id = 0;
 
-        drmmode_bo_destroy(drmmode, &drmmode_crtc->rotate_bo);
-        memset(&drmmode_crtc->rotate_bo, 0, sizeof drmmode_crtc->rotate_bo);
+        drmmode_bo_destroy(drmmode, bo);
+        memset(bo, 0, sizeof(*bo));
     }
 }
 
 static void
+drmmode_shadow_destroy(xf86CrtcPtr crtc, PixmapPtr pixmap, void *data)
+{
+    drmmode_crtc_private_ptr drmmode_crtc = crtc->driver_private;
+
+    drmmode_shadow_fb_destroy(crtc, pixmap, data, &drmmode_crtc->rotate_bo,
+                              &drmmode_crtc->rotate_fb_id);
+}
+
+static void
 drmmode_crtc_destroy(xf86CrtcPtr crtc)
 {
     drmmode_mode_ptr iterator, next;
@@ -2380,6 +2529,8 @@
     drmmode_crtc->drmmode = drmmode;
     drmmode_crtc->vblank_pipe = drmmode_crtc_vblank_pipe(num);
     xorg_list_init(&drmmode_crtc->mode_list);
+    xorg_list_init(&drmmode_crtc->tearfree.dri_flip_list);
+    drmmode_crtc->next_msc = UINT64_MAX;
 
     props = drmModeObjectGetProperties(drmmode->fd, mode_res->crtcs[num],
                                        DRM_MODE_OBJECT_CRTC);
@@ -4242,6 +4393,7 @@
         drmmode_crtc_private_ptr drmmode_crtc = crtc->driver_private;
 
         dumb_bo_destroy(drmmode->fd, drmmode_crtc->cursor_bo);
+        drmmode_destroy_tearfree_shadow(crtc);
     }
 }
 
diff --color -Naur --exclude .git xorg-server-21.1.8/hw/xfree86/drivers/modesetting/drmmode_display.h xorg-server-21.1.8-patched/hw/xfree86/drivers/modesetting/drmmode_display.h
--- xorg-server-21.1.8/hw/xfree86/drivers/modesetting/drmmode_display.h	2023-03-29 08:55:03.000000000 -0400
+++ xorg-server-21.1.8-patched/hw/xfree86/drivers/modesetting/drmmode_display.h	2023-07-19 23:11:47.097508779 -0400
@@ -135,6 +135,7 @@
     Bool async_flip_secondaries;
     Bool dri2_enable;
     Bool present_enable;
+    Bool tearfree_enable;
 
     uint32_t vrr_prop_id;
     Bool use_ctm;
@@ -167,6 +168,20 @@
 } drmmode_format_rec, *drmmode_format_ptr;
 
 typedef struct {
+    drmmode_bo bo;
+    uint32_t fb_id;
+    PixmapPtr px;
+    RegionRec dmg;
+} drmmode_shadow_fb_rec, *drmmode_shadow_fb_ptr;
+
+typedef struct {
+    drmmode_shadow_fb_rec buf[2];
+    struct xorg_list dri_flip_list;
+    uint32_t back_idx;
+    uint32_t flip_seq;
+} drmmode_tearfree_rec, *drmmode_tearfree_ptr;
+
+typedef struct {
     drmmode_ptr drmmode;
     drmModeCrtcPtr mode_crtc;
     uint32_t vblank_pipe;
@@ -184,11 +199,14 @@
 
     drmmode_bo rotate_bo;
     unsigned rotate_fb_id;
+    drmmode_tearfree_rec tearfree;
 
     PixmapPtr prime_pixmap;
     PixmapPtr prime_pixmap_back;
     unsigned prime_pixmap_x;
 
+    int src_x, src_y;
+
     /**
      * @{ MSC (vblank count) handling for the PRESENT extension.
      *
@@ -200,6 +218,8 @@
     uint64_t msc_high;
     /** @} */
 
+    uint64_t next_msc;
+
     Bool need_modeset;
     struct xorg_list mode_list;
 
@@ -308,8 +328,13 @@
                              int *depth, int *bpp);
 
 void drmmode_copy_fb(ScrnInfoPtr pScrn, drmmode_ptr drmmode);
+void drmmode_copy_damage(xf86CrtcPtr crtc, PixmapPtr dst, RegionPtr damage,
+                         Bool empty);
+
+int drmmode_crtc_flip(xf86CrtcPtr crtc, uint32_t fb_id, int x, int y,
+                      uint32_t flags, void *data);
 
-int drmmode_crtc_flip(xf86CrtcPtr crtc, uint32_t fb_id, uint32_t flags, void *data);
+Bool drmmode_crtc_get_fb_id(xf86CrtcPtr crtc, uint32_t *fb_id, int *x, int *y);
 
 void drmmode_set_dpms(ScrnInfoPtr scrn, int PowerManagementMode, int flags);
 void drmmode_crtc_set_vrr(xf86CrtcPtr crtc, Bool enabled);
diff --color -Naur --exclude .git xorg-server-21.1.8/hw/xfree86/drivers/modesetting/modesetting.man xorg-server-21.1.8-patched/hw/xfree86/drivers/modesetting/modesetting.man
--- xorg-server-21.1.8/hw/xfree86/drivers/modesetting/modesetting.man	2023-03-29 08:55:03.000000000 -0400
+++ xorg-server-21.1.8-patched/hw/xfree86/drivers/modesetting/modesetting.man	2023-07-19 23:11:47.097508779 -0400
@@ -109,6 +109,21 @@
 entries, if supported by the kernel. By default, GAMMA_LUT will be used for
 kms drivers which are known to be safe for use of GAMMA_LUT.
 .TP
+.BI "Option \*qTearFree\*q \*q" boolean \*q
+Enable tearing prevention using the hardware page flipping mechanism.
+It allocates two extra scanout buffers for each CRTC and utilizes damage
+tracking to minimize buffer copying and skip unnecessary flips when the
+screen's contents have not changed. It works on transformed screens too, such
+as rotated and scaled CRTCs. When PageFlip is enabled, fullscreen DRI
+applications will still have the discretion to not use tearing prevention.
+.br
+The default is
+.B off.
+.TP
+.BI "Option \*qAtomic\*q \*q" boolean \*q
+Enable atomic modesetting when supported.  The default is
+.B off.
+.TP
 .SH "SEE ALSO"
 @xservername@(@appmansuffix@), @xconfigfile@(@filemansuffix@), Xserver(@appmansuffix@),
 X(@miscmansuffix@)
diff --color -Naur --exclude .git xorg-server-21.1.8/hw/xfree86/drivers/modesetting/pageflip.c xorg-server-21.1.8-patched/hw/xfree86/drivers/modesetting/pageflip.c
--- xorg-server-21.1.8/hw/xfree86/drivers/modesetting/pageflip.c	2023-03-29 08:55:03.000000000 -0400
+++ xorg-server-21.1.8-patched/hw/xfree86/drivers/modesetting/pageflip.c	2023-07-19 23:11:47.098508794 -0400
@@ -35,8 +35,8 @@
  * Returns a negative value on error, 0 if there was nothing to process,
  * or 1 if we handled any events.
  */
-int
-ms_flush_drm_events(ScreenPtr screen)
+static int
+ms_flush_drm_events_timeout(ScreenPtr screen, int timeout)
 {
     ScrnInfoPtr scrn = xf86ScreenToScrn(screen);
     modesettingPtr ms = modesettingPTR(scrn);
@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@
     int r;
 
     do {
-            r = xserver_poll(&p, 1, 0);
+            r = xserver_poll(&p, 1, timeout);
     } while (r == -1 && (errno == EINTR || errno == EAGAIN));
 
     /* If there was an error, r will be < 0.  Return that.  If there was
@@ -63,6 +63,12 @@
     return 1;
 }
 
+int
+ms_flush_drm_events(ScreenPtr screen)
+{
+    return ms_flush_drm_events_timeout(screen, 0);
+}
+
 #ifdef GLAMOR_HAS_GBM
 
 /*
@@ -93,6 +99,8 @@
     Bool on_reference_crtc;
     /* reference to the ms_flipdata */
     struct ms_flipdata *flipdata;
+    struct xorg_list node;
+    uint32_t tearfree_seq;
 };
 
 /**
@@ -136,7 +144,8 @@
                                 flipdata->fe_usec,
                                 flipdata->event);
 
-        drmModeRmFB(ms->fd, flipdata->old_fb_id);
+        if (flipdata->old_fb_id)
+            drmModeRmFB(ms->fd, flipdata->old_fb_id);
     }
     ms_pageflip_free(flip);
 }
@@ -160,11 +169,32 @@
 }
 
 static Bool
-do_queue_flip_on_crtc(modesettingPtr ms, xf86CrtcPtr crtc,
-                      uint32_t flags, uint32_t seq)
+do_queue_flip_on_crtc(ScreenPtr screen, xf86CrtcPtr crtc, uint32_t flags,
+                      uint32_t seq, uint32_t fb_id, int x, int y)
 {
-    return drmmode_crtc_flip(crtc, ms->drmmode.fb_id, flags,
-                             (void *) (uintptr_t) seq);
+    drmmode_crtc_private_ptr drmmode_crtc = crtc->driver_private;
+    drmmode_tearfree_ptr trf = &drmmode_crtc->tearfree;
+
+    while (drmmode_crtc_flip(crtc, fb_id, x, y, flags, (void *)(long)seq)) {
+        /* We may have failed because the event queue was full.  Flush it
+         * and retry.  If there was nothing to flush, then we failed for
+         * some other reason and should just return an error.
+         */
+        if (ms_flush_drm_events(screen) <= 0) {
+            /* The failure could be caused by a pending TearFree flip, in which
+             * case we should wait until there's a new event and try again.
+             */
+            if (!trf->flip_seq || ms_flush_drm_events_timeout(screen, -1) < 0) {
+                ms_drm_abort_seq(crtc->scrn, seq);
+                return TRUE;
+            }
+        }
+
+        /* We flushed some events, so try again. */
+        xf86DrvMsg(crtc->scrn->scrnIndex, X_WARNING, "flip queue retry\n");
+    }
+
+    return FALSE;
 }
 
 enum queue_flip_status {
@@ -177,11 +207,10 @@
 static int
 queue_flip_on_crtc(ScreenPtr screen, xf86CrtcPtr crtc,
                    struct ms_flipdata *flipdata,
-                   int ref_crtc_vblank_pipe, uint32_t flags)
+                   xf86CrtcPtr ref_crtc, uint32_t flags)
 {
     ScrnInfoPtr scrn = xf86ScreenToScrn(screen);
     modesettingPtr ms = modesettingPTR(scrn);
-    drmmode_crtc_private_ptr drmmode_crtc = crtc->driver_private;
     struct ms_crtc_pageflip *flip;
     uint32_t seq;
 
@@ -193,7 +222,7 @@
     /* Only the reference crtc will finally deliver its page flip
      * completion event. All other crtc's events will be discarded.
      */
-    flip->on_reference_crtc = (drmmode_crtc->vblank_pipe == ref_crtc_vblank_pipe);
+    flip->on_reference_crtc = crtc == ref_crtc;
     flip->flipdata = flipdata;
 
     seq = ms_drm_queue_alloc(crtc, flip, ms_pageflip_handler, ms_pageflip_abort);
@@ -205,20 +234,9 @@
     /* take a reference on flipdata for use in flip */
     flipdata->flip_count++;
 
-    while (do_queue_flip_on_crtc(ms, crtc, flags, seq)) {
-        /* We may have failed because the event queue was full.  Flush it
-         * and retry.  If there was nothing to flush, then we failed for
-         * some other reason and should just return an error.
-         */
-        if (ms_flush_drm_events(screen) <= 0) {
-            /* Aborting will also decrement flip_count and free(flip). */
-            ms_drm_abort_seq(scrn, seq);
-            return QUEUE_FLIP_DRM_FLUSH_FAILED;
-        }
-
-        /* We flushed some events, so try again. */
-        xf86DrvMsg(scrn->scrnIndex, X_WARNING, "flip queue retry\n");
-    }
+    if (do_queue_flip_on_crtc(screen, crtc, flags, seq, ms->drmmode.fb_id,
+                              crtc->x, crtc->y))
+        return QUEUE_FLIP_DRM_FLUSH_FAILED;
 
     /* The page flip succeeded. */
     return QUEUE_FLIP_SUCCESS;
@@ -294,20 +312,75 @@
     }
 }
 
+static Bool
+ms_tearfree_dri_flip(modesettingPtr ms, xf86CrtcPtr crtc, void *event,
+                     ms_pageflip_handler_proc pageflip_handler,
+                     ms_pageflip_abort_proc pageflip_abort)
+{
+    drmmode_crtc_private_ptr drmmode_crtc = crtc->driver_private;
+    drmmode_tearfree_ptr trf = &drmmode_crtc->tearfree;
+    struct ms_crtc_pageflip *flip;
+    struct ms_flipdata *flipdata;
+    RegionRec region;
+    RegionPtr dirty;
+
+    if (!ms_tearfree_is_active_on_crtc(crtc))
+        return FALSE;
+
+    /* Check for damage on the primary scanout to know if TearFree will flip */
+    dirty = DamageRegion(ms->damage);
+    if (RegionNil(dirty))
+        return FALSE;
+
+    /* Compute how much of the current damage intersects with this CRTC */
+    RegionInit(&region, &crtc->bounds, 0);
+    RegionIntersect(&region, &region, dirty);
+
+    /* No damage on this CRTC means no TearFree flip. This means the DRI client
+     * didn't change this CRTC's contents at all with its presentation, possibly
+     * because its window is fully occluded by another window on this CRTC.
+     */
+    if (RegionNil(&region))
+        return FALSE;
+
+    flip = calloc(1, sizeof(*flip));
+    if (!flip)
+        return FALSE;
+
+    flipdata = calloc(1, sizeof(*flipdata));
+    if (!flipdata) {
+        free(flip);
+        return FALSE;
+    }
+
+    /* Only track the DRI client's fake flip on the reference CRTC, which aligns
+     * with the behavior of Present when a client copies its pixmap rather than
+     * directly flipping it onto the display.
+     */
+    flip->on_reference_crtc = TRUE;
+    flip->flipdata = flipdata;
+    flip->tearfree_seq = trf->flip_seq;
+    flipdata->screen = xf86ScrnToScreen(crtc->scrn);
+    flipdata->event = event;
+    flipdata->flip_count = 1;
+    flipdata->event_handler = pageflip_handler;
+    flipdata->abort_handler = pageflip_abort;
+
+    /* Keep the list in FIFO order so that clients are notified in order */
+    xorg_list_append(&flip->node, &trf->dri_flip_list);
+    return TRUE;
+}
 
 Bool
 ms_do_pageflip(ScreenPtr screen,
                PixmapPtr new_front,
                void *event,
-               int ref_crtc_vblank_pipe,
+               xf86CrtcPtr ref_crtc,
                Bool async,
                ms_pageflip_handler_proc pageflip_handler,
                ms_pageflip_abort_proc pageflip_abort,
                const char *log_prefix)
 {
-#ifndef GLAMOR_HAS_GBM
-    return FALSE;
-#else
     ScrnInfoPtr scrn = xf86ScreenToScrn(screen);
     modesettingPtr ms = modesettingPTR(scrn);
     xf86CrtcConfigPtr config = XF86_CRTC_CONFIG_PTR(scrn);
@@ -315,6 +388,22 @@
     uint32_t flags;
     int i;
     struct ms_flipdata *flipdata;
+
+    /* A NULL pixmap indicates this DRI client's pixmap is to be flipped through
+     * TearFree instead. The pixmap is already copied to the primary scanout at
+     * this point, so all that's left is to wire up this fake flip to TearFree
+     * so that TearFree can send a notification to the DRI client when the
+     * pixmap actually appears on the display. This is the only way to let DRI
+     * clients accurately know when their pixmaps appear on the display when
+     * TearFree is enabled.
+     */
+    if (!new_front) {
+        if (!ms_tearfree_dri_flip(ms, ref_crtc, event, pageflip_handler,
+                                  pageflip_abort))
+            goto error_free_event;
+        return TRUE;
+    }
+
     ms->glamor.block_handler(screen);
 
     new_front_bo.gbm = ms->glamor.gbm_bo_from_pixmap(screen, new_front);
@@ -324,7 +413,7 @@
         xf86DrvMsg(scrn->scrnIndex, X_ERROR,
                    "%s: Failed to get GBM BO for flip to new front.\n",
                    log_prefix);
-        return FALSE;
+        goto error_free_event;
     }
 
     flipdata = calloc(1, sizeof(struct ms_flipdata));
@@ -332,7 +421,7 @@
         drmmode_bo_destroy(&ms->drmmode, &new_front_bo);
         xf86DrvMsg(scrn->scrnIndex, X_ERROR,
                    "%s: Failed to allocate flipdata.\n", log_prefix);
-        return FALSE;
+        goto error_free_event;
     }
 
     flipdata->event = event;
@@ -380,7 +469,6 @@
     for (i = 0; i < config->num_crtc; i++) {
         enum queue_flip_status flip_status;
         xf86CrtcPtr crtc = config->crtc[i];
-        drmmode_crtc_private_ptr drmmode_crtc = crtc->driver_private;
 
         if (!xf86_crtc_on(crtc))
             continue;
@@ -401,13 +489,11 @@
          * outputs in a "clone-mode" or "mirror-mode" configuration.
          */
         if (ms->drmmode.can_async_flip && ms->drmmode.async_flip_secondaries &&
-            (drmmode_crtc->vblank_pipe != ref_crtc_vblank_pipe) &&
-            (ref_crtc_vblank_pipe >= 0))
+            ref_crtc && crtc != ref_crtc)
             flags |= DRM_MODE_PAGE_FLIP_ASYNC;
 
         flip_status = queue_flip_on_crtc(screen, crtc, flipdata,
-                                         ref_crtc_vblank_pipe,
-                                         flags);
+                                         ref_crtc, flags);
 
         switch (flip_status) {
             case QUEUE_FLIP_ALLOC_FAILED:
@@ -456,13 +542,150 @@
     drmmode_bo_destroy(&ms->drmmode, &new_front_bo);
     /* if only the local reference - free the structure,
      * else drop the local reference and return */
-    if (flipdata->flip_count == 1)
+    if (flipdata->flip_count == 1) {
         free(flipdata);
-    else
+    } else {
         flipdata->flip_count--;
+        return FALSE;
+    }
 
+error_free_event:
+    /* Free the event since the caller has no way to know it's safe to free */
+    free(event);
     return FALSE;
-#endif /* GLAMOR_HAS_GBM */
 }
 
+Bool
+ms_tearfree_dri_abort(xf86CrtcPtr crtc,
+                      Bool (*match)(void *data, void *match_data),
+                      void *match_data)
+{
+    drmmode_crtc_private_ptr drmmode_crtc = crtc->driver_private;
+    drmmode_tearfree_ptr trf = &drmmode_crtc->tearfree;
+    struct ms_crtc_pageflip *flip;
+
+    /* The window is getting destroyed; abort without notifying the client */
+    xorg_list_for_each_entry(flip, &trf->dri_flip_list, node) {
+        if (match(flip->flipdata->event, match_data)) {
+            xorg_list_del(&flip->node);
+            ms_pageflip_abort(flip);
+            return TRUE;
+        }
+    }
+
+    return FALSE;
+}
+
+void
+ms_tearfree_dri_abort_all(xf86CrtcPtr crtc)
+{
+    drmmode_crtc_private_ptr drmmode_crtc = crtc->driver_private;
+    drmmode_tearfree_ptr trf = &drmmode_crtc->tearfree;
+    struct ms_crtc_pageflip *flip, *tmp;
+    uint64_t usec = 0, msc = 0;
+
+    /* Nothing to abort if there aren't any DRI clients waiting for a flip */
+    if (xorg_list_is_empty(&trf->dri_flip_list))
+        return;
+
+    /* Even though we're aborting, these clients' pixmaps were actually blitted,
+     * so technically the presentation isn't aborted. That's why the normal
+     * handler is called instead of the abort handler, along with the current
+     * time and MSC for this CRTC.
+     */
+    ms_get_crtc_ust_msc(crtc, &usec, &msc);
+    xorg_list_for_each_entry_safe(flip, tmp, &trf->dri_flip_list, node)
+        ms_pageflip_handler(msc, usec, flip);
+    xorg_list_init(&trf->dri_flip_list);
+}
+
+static void
+ms_tearfree_dri_notify(drmmode_tearfree_ptr trf, uint64_t msc, uint64_t usec)
+{
+    struct ms_crtc_pageflip *flip, *tmp;
+
+    xorg_list_for_each_entry_safe(flip, tmp, &trf->dri_flip_list, node) {
+        /* If a TearFree flip was already pending at the time this DRI client's
+         * pixmap was copied, then the pixmap isn't contained in this TearFree
+         * flip, but will be part of the next TearFree flip instead.
+         */
+        if (flip->tearfree_seq) {
+            flip->tearfree_seq = 0;
+        } else {
+            xorg_list_del(&flip->node);
+            ms_pageflip_handler(msc, usec, flip);
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+static void
+ms_tearfree_flip_abort(void *data)
+{
+    xf86CrtcPtr crtc = data;
+    drmmode_crtc_private_ptr drmmode_crtc = crtc->driver_private;
+    drmmode_tearfree_ptr trf = &drmmode_crtc->tearfree;
+
+    trf->flip_seq = 0;
+    ms_tearfree_dri_abort_all(crtc);
+}
+
+static void
+ms_tearfree_flip_handler(uint64_t msc, uint64_t usec, void *data)
+{
+    xf86CrtcPtr crtc = data;
+    drmmode_crtc_private_ptr drmmode_crtc = crtc->driver_private;
+    drmmode_tearfree_ptr trf = &drmmode_crtc->tearfree;
+
+    /* Swap the buffers and complete the flip */
+    trf->back_idx ^= 1;
+    trf->flip_seq = 0;
+
+    /* Notify DRI clients that their pixmaps are now visible on the display */
+    ms_tearfree_dri_notify(trf, msc, usec);
+}
+
+Bool
+ms_do_tearfree_flip(ScreenPtr screen, xf86CrtcPtr crtc)
+{
+    drmmode_crtc_private_ptr drmmode_crtc = crtc->driver_private;
+    drmmode_tearfree_ptr trf = &drmmode_crtc->tearfree;
+    uint32_t idx = trf->back_idx, seq;
+
+    seq = ms_drm_queue_alloc(crtc, crtc, ms_tearfree_flip_handler,
+                             ms_tearfree_flip_abort);
+    if (!seq) {
+        /* Need to notify the DRI clients if a sequence wasn't allocated. Once a
+         * sequence is allocated, explicitly performing this cleanup isn't
+         * necessary since it's already done as part of aborting the sequence.
+         */
+        ms_tearfree_dri_abort_all(crtc);
+        goto no_flip;
+    }
+
+    /* Copy the damage to the back buffer and then flip it at the vblank */
+    drmmode_copy_damage(crtc, trf->buf[idx].px, &trf->buf[idx].dmg, TRUE);
+    if (do_queue_flip_on_crtc(screen, crtc, DRM_MODE_PAGE_FLIP_EVENT,
+                              seq, trf->buf[idx].fb_id, 0, 0))
+        goto no_flip;
+
+    trf->flip_seq = seq;
+    return FALSE;
+
+no_flip:
+    xf86DrvMsg(crtc->scrn->scrnIndex, X_WARNING,
+               "TearFree flip failed, rendering frame without TearFree\n");
+    drmmode_copy_damage(crtc, trf->buf[idx ^ 1].px,
+                        &trf->buf[idx ^ 1].dmg, FALSE);
+    return TRUE;
+}
 #endif
+
+Bool
+ms_tearfree_is_active_on_crtc(xf86CrtcPtr crtc)
+{
+    drmmode_crtc_private_ptr drmmode_crtc = crtc->driver_private;
+    drmmode_tearfree_ptr trf = &drmmode_crtc->tearfree;
+
+    /* If TearFree is enabled, XServer owns the VT, and the CRTC is active */
+    return trf->buf[0].px && crtc->scrn->vtSema && xf86_crtc_on(crtc);
+}
diff --color -Naur --exclude .git xorg-server-21.1.8/hw/xfree86/drivers/modesetting/present.c xorg-server-21.1.8-patched/hw/xfree86/drivers/modesetting/present.c
--- xorg-server-21.1.8/hw/xfree86/drivers/modesetting/present.c	2023-03-29 08:55:03.000000000 -0400
+++ xorg-server-21.1.8-patched/hw/xfree86/drivers/modesetting/present.c	2023-07-19 23:11:47.098508794 -0400
@@ -165,6 +165,13 @@
 {
     ScreenPtr screen = crtc->pScreen;
     ScrnInfoPtr scrn = xf86ScreenToScrn(screen);
+#ifdef GLAMOR_HAS_GBM
+    xf86CrtcPtr xf86_crtc = crtc->devPrivate;
+
+    /* Check if this is a fake flip routed through TearFree and abort it */
+    if (ms_tearfree_dri_abort(xf86_crtc, ms_present_event_match, &event_id))
+        return;
+#endif
 
     ms_drm_abort(scrn, ms_present_event_match, &event_id);
 }
@@ -318,14 +325,32 @@
     modesettingPtr ms = modesettingPTR(scrn);
 
     if (ms->drmmode.sprites_visible > 0)
-        return FALSE;
+        goto no_flip;
 
     if(!ms_present_check_unflip(crtc, window, pixmap, sync_flip, reason))
-        return FALSE;
+        goto no_flip;
 
     ms->flip_window = window;
 
     return TRUE;
+
+no_flip:
+    /* Export some info about TearFree if Present can't flip anyway */
+    if (reason) {
+        xf86CrtcPtr xf86_crtc = crtc->devPrivate;
+        drmmode_crtc_private_ptr drmmode_crtc = xf86_crtc->driver_private;
+        drmmode_tearfree_ptr trf = &drmmode_crtc->tearfree;
+
+        if (ms_tearfree_is_active_on_crtc(xf86_crtc)) {
+            if (trf->flip_seq)
+                /* The driver has a TearFree flip pending */
+                *reason = PRESENT_FLIP_REASON_DRIVER_TEARFREE_FLIPPING;
+            else
+                /* The driver uses TearFree flips and there's no flip pending */
+                *reason = PRESENT_FLIP_REASON_DRIVER_TEARFREE;
+        }
+    }
+    return FALSE;
 }
 
 /*
@@ -343,11 +368,12 @@
     ScrnInfoPtr scrn = xf86ScreenToScrn(screen);
     modesettingPtr ms = modesettingPTR(scrn);
     xf86CrtcPtr xf86_crtc = crtc->devPrivate;
-    drmmode_crtc_private_ptr drmmode_crtc = xf86_crtc->driver_private;
     Bool ret;
     struct ms_present_vblank_event *event;
 
-    if (!ms_present_check_flip(crtc, ms->flip_window, pixmap, sync_flip, NULL))
+    /* A NULL pixmap means this is a fake flip to be routed through TearFree */
+    if (pixmap &&
+        !ms_present_check_flip(crtc, ms->flip_window, pixmap, sync_flip, NULL))
         return FALSE;
 
     event = calloc(1, sizeof(struct ms_present_vblank_event));
@@ -360,6 +386,12 @@
     event->event_id = event_id;
     event->unflip = FALSE;
 
+    /* Register the fake flip (indicated by a NULL pixmap) with TearFree */
+    if (!pixmap)
+        return ms_do_pageflip(screen, NULL, event, xf86_crtc, FALSE,
+                              ms_present_flip_handler, ms_present_flip_abort,
+                              "Present-TearFree-flip");
+
     /* A window can only flip if it covers the entire X screen.
      * Only one window can flip at a time.
      *
@@ -371,7 +403,7 @@
         ms_present_set_screen_vrr(scrn, TRUE);
     }
 
-    ret = ms_do_pageflip(screen, pixmap, event, drmmode_crtc->vblank_pipe, !sync_flip,
+    ret = ms_do_pageflip(screen, pixmap, event, xf86_crtc, !sync_flip,
                          ms_present_flip_handler, ms_present_flip_abort,
                          "Present-flip");
     if (ret)
@@ -403,7 +435,7 @@
     event->unflip = TRUE;
 
     if (ms_present_check_unflip(NULL, screen->root, pixmap, TRUE, NULL) &&
-        ms_do_pageflip(screen, pixmap, event, -1, FALSE,
+        ms_do_pageflip(screen, pixmap, event, NULL, FALSE,
                        ms_present_flip_handler, ms_present_flip_abort,
                        "Present-unflip")) {
         return;
diff --color -Naur --exclude .git xorg-server-21.1.8/hw/xfree86/drivers/modesetting/vblank.c xorg-server-21.1.8-patched/hw/xfree86/drivers/modesetting/vblank.c
--- xorg-server-21.1.8/hw/xfree86/drivers/modesetting/vblank.c	2023-03-29 08:55:03.000000000 -0400
+++ xorg-server-21.1.8-patched/hw/xfree86/drivers/modesetting/vblank.c	2023-07-19 23:11:47.098508794 -0400
@@ -260,6 +260,51 @@
     }
 }
 
+static void
+ms_drm_set_seq_msc(uint32_t seq, uint64_t msc)
+{
+    struct ms_drm_queue *q;
+
+    xorg_list_for_each_entry(q, &ms_drm_queue, list) {
+        if (q->seq == seq) {
+            q->msc = msc;
+            break;
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+static void
+ms_drm_set_seq_queued(uint32_t seq, uint64_t msc)
+{
+    drmmode_crtc_private_ptr drmmode_crtc;
+    struct ms_drm_queue *q;
+
+    xorg_list_for_each_entry(q, &ms_drm_queue, list) {
+        if (q->seq == seq) {
+            drmmode_crtc = q->crtc->driver_private;
+            if (msc < drmmode_crtc->next_msc)
+                drmmode_crtc->next_msc = msc;
+            q->msc = msc;
+            q->kernel_queued = TRUE;
+            break;
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+static Bool
+ms_queue_coalesce(xf86CrtcPtr crtc, uint32_t seq, uint64_t msc)
+{
+    drmmode_crtc_private_ptr drmmode_crtc = crtc->driver_private;
+
+    /* If the next MSC is too late, then this event can't be coalesced */
+    if (msc < drmmode_crtc->next_msc)
+        return FALSE;
+
+    /* Set the target MSC on this sequence number */
+    ms_drm_set_seq_msc(seq, msc);
+    return TRUE;
+}
+
 Bool
 ms_queue_vblank(xf86CrtcPtr crtc, ms_queue_flag flags,
                 uint64_t msc, uint64_t *msc_queued, uint32_t seq)
@@ -271,6 +316,10 @@
     drmVBlank vbl;
     int ret;
 
+    /* Try coalescing this event into another to avoid event queue exhaustion */
+    if (flags == MS_QUEUE_ABSOLUTE && ms_queue_coalesce(crtc, seq, msc))
+        return TRUE;
+
     for (;;) {
         /* Queue an event at the specified sequence */
         if (ms->has_queue_sequence || !ms->tried_queue_sequence) {
@@ -287,8 +336,10 @@
             ret = drmCrtcQueueSequence(ms->fd, drmmode_crtc->mode_crtc->crtc_id,
                                        drm_flags, msc, &kernel_queued, seq);
             if (ret == 0) {
+                msc = ms_kernel_msc_to_crtc_msc(crtc, kernel_queued, TRUE);
+                ms_drm_set_seq_queued(seq, msc);
                 if (msc_queued)
-                    *msc_queued = ms_kernel_msc_to_crtc_msc(crtc, kernel_queued, TRUE);
+                    *msc_queued = msc;
                 ms->has_queue_sequence = TRUE;
                 return TRUE;
             }
@@ -310,8 +361,10 @@
         vbl.request.signal = seq;
         ret = drmWaitVBlank(ms->fd, &vbl);
         if (ret == 0) {
+            msc = ms_kernel_msc_to_crtc_msc(crtc, vbl.reply.sequence, FALSE);
+            ms_drm_set_seq_queued(seq, msc);
             if (msc_queued)
-                *msc_queued = ms_kernel_msc_to_crtc_msc(crtc, vbl.reply.sequence, FALSE);
+                *msc_queued = msc;
             return TRUE;
         }
     check:
@@ -418,13 +471,15 @@
     if (!ms_drm_seq)
         ++ms_drm_seq;
     q->seq = ms_drm_seq++;
+    q->msc = UINT64_MAX;
     q->scrn = scrn;
     q->crtc = crtc;
     q->data = data;
     q->handler = handler;
     q->abort = abort;
 
-    xorg_list_add(&q->list, &ms_drm_queue);
+    /* Keep the list formatted in ascending order of sequence number */
+    xorg_list_append(&q->list, &ms_drm_queue);
 
     return q->seq;
 }
@@ -437,9 +492,18 @@
 static void
 ms_drm_abort_one(struct ms_drm_queue *q)
 {
+    if (q->aborted)
+        return;
+
+    /* Don't remove vblank events if they were queued in the kernel */
+    if (q->kernel_queued) {
+        q->abort(q->data);
+        q->aborted = TRUE;
+    } else {
         xorg_list_del(&q->list);
         q->abort(q->data);
         free(q);
+    }
 }
 
 /**
@@ -500,16 +564,64 @@
 {
     struct ms_drm_queue *q, *tmp;
     uint32_t seq = (uint32_t) user_data;
+    xf86CrtcPtr crtc = NULL;
+    drmmode_crtc_private_ptr drmmode_crtc;
+    uint64_t msc, next_msc = UINT64_MAX;
 
-    xorg_list_for_each_entry_safe(q, tmp, &ms_drm_queue, list) {
+    /* Handle the seq for this event first in order to get the CRTC */
+    xorg_list_for_each_entry(q, &ms_drm_queue, list) {
         if (q->seq == seq) {
-            uint64_t msc;
+            crtc = q->crtc;
+            msc = ms_kernel_msc_to_crtc_msc(crtc, frame, is64bit);
+
+            /* Write the current MSC to this event to ensure its handler runs in
+             * the loop below. This is done because we don't want to run the
+             * handler right now, since we need to ensure all events are handled
+             * in FIFO order with respect to one another. Otherwise, if this
+             * event were handled first just because it was queued to the
+             * kernel, it could run before older events expiring at this MSC.
+             */
+            q->msc = msc;
+            break;
+        }
+    }
 
-            msc = ms_kernel_msc_to_crtc_msc(q->crtc, frame, is64bit);
+    if (!crtc)
+        return;
+
+    /* Now run all of the vblank events for this CRTC with an expired MSC */
+    xorg_list_for_each_entry_safe(q, tmp, &ms_drm_queue, list) {
+        if (q->crtc == crtc && q->msc <= msc) {
             xorg_list_del(&q->list);
-            q->handler(msc, ns / 1000, q->data);
+            if (!q->aborted)
+                q->handler(msc, ns / 1000, q->data);
             free(q);
-            break;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /* Find this CRTC's next queued MSC and next non-queued MSC to be handled */
+    msc = UINT64_MAX;
+    xorg_list_for_each_entry(q, &ms_drm_queue, list) {
+        if (q->crtc == crtc) {
+            if (q->kernel_queued) {
+                if (q->msc < next_msc)
+                    next_msc = q->msc;
+            } else if (q->msc < msc) {
+                msc = q->msc;
+                seq = q->seq;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /* Queue an event if the next queued MSC isn't soon enough */
+    drmmode_crtc = crtc->driver_private;
+    drmmode_crtc->next_msc = next_msc;
+    if (msc < next_msc && !ms_queue_vblank(crtc, MS_QUEUE_ABSOLUTE, msc, NULL, seq)) {
+        xf86DrvMsg(crtc->scrn->scrnIndex, X_WARNING,
+                   "failed to queue next vblank event, aborting lost events\n");
+        xorg_list_for_each_entry_safe(q, tmp, &ms_drm_queue, list) {
+            if (q->crtc == crtc && q->msc < next_msc)
+                ms_drm_abort_one(q);
         }
     }
 }
diff --color -Naur --exclude .git xorg-server-21.1.8/hw/xfree86/modes/xf86Crtc.h xorg-server-21.1.8-patched/hw/xfree86/modes/xf86Crtc.h
--- xorg-server-21.1.8/hw/xfree86/modes/xf86Crtc.h	2023-03-29 08:55:03.000000000 -0400
+++ xorg-server-21.1.8-patched/hw/xfree86/modes/xf86Crtc.h	2023-07-19 23:14:28.826509432 -0400
@@ -837,11 +837,11 @@
 static _X_INLINE xf86OutputPtr
 xf86CompatOutput(ScrnInfoPtr pScrn)
 {
-    xf86CrtcConfigPtr config = XF86_CRTC_CONFIG_PTR(pScrn);
+    xf86CrtcConfigPtr config;
 
     if (xf86CrtcConfigPrivateIndex == -1)
         return NULL;
-
+    config = XF86_CRTC_CONFIG_PTR(pScrn);
     if (config->compat_output < 0)
         return NULL;
     return config->output[config->compat_output];
@@ -912,6 +912,11 @@
 extern _X_EXPORT Bool
  xf86CrtcRotate(xf86CrtcPtr crtc);
 
+extern _X_EXPORT void
+ xf86RotateCrtcRedisplay(xf86CrtcPtr crtc, PixmapPtr dst_pixmap,
+                         DrawableRec *src_drawable, RegionPtr region,
+                         Bool transform_src);
+
 /*
  * Clean up any rotation data, used when a crtc is turned off
  * as well as when rotation is disabled.
diff --color -Naur --exclude .git xorg-server-21.1.8/hw/xfree86/modes/xf86Rotate.c xorg-server-21.1.8-patched/hw/xfree86/modes/xf86Rotate.c
--- xorg-server-21.1.8/hw/xfree86/modes/xf86Rotate.c	2023-03-29 08:55:03.000000000 -0400
+++ xorg-server-21.1.8-patched/hw/xfree86/modes/xf86Rotate.c	2023-07-19 23:19:57.089448424 -0400
@@ -39,13 +39,15 @@
 #include "X11/extensions/dpmsconst.h"
 #include "X11/Xatom.h"
 
-static void
-xf86RotateCrtcRedisplay(xf86CrtcPtr crtc, RegionPtr region)
+
+
+void
+xf86RotateCrtcRedisplay(xf86CrtcPtr crtc, PixmapPtr dst_pixmap,
+                        DrawableRec *src_drawable, RegionPtr region,
+                        Bool transform_src)
 {
     ScrnInfoPtr scrn = crtc->scrn;
     ScreenPtr screen = scrn->pScreen;
-    WindowPtr root = screen->root;
-    PixmapPtr dst_pixmap = crtc->rotatedPixmap;
     PictFormatPtr format = PictureWindowFormat(screen->root);
     int error;
     PicturePtr src, dst;
@@ -57,7 +59,7 @@
         return;
 
     src = CreatePicture(None,
-                        &root->drawable,
+                        src_drawable,
                         format,
                         CPSubwindowMode,
                         &include_inferiors, serverClient, &error);
@@ -70,9 +72,11 @@
     if (!dst)
         return;
 
-    error = SetPictureTransform(src, &crtc->crtc_to_framebuffer);
-    if (error)
-        return;
+    if (transform_src) {
+        error = SetPictureTransform(src, &crtc->crtc_to_framebuffer);
+        if (error)
+            return;
+    }
     if (crtc->transform_in_use && crtc->filter)
         SetPicturePictFilter(src, crtc->filter, crtc->params, crtc->nparams);
 
@@ -205,7 +209,9 @@
 
                 /* update damaged region */
                 if (RegionNotEmpty(&crtc_damage))
-                    xf86RotateCrtcRedisplay(crtc, &crtc_damage);
+                    xf86RotateCrtcRedisplay(crtc, crtc->rotatedPixmap,
+                                            &pScreen->root->drawable,
+                                            &crtc_damage, TRUE);
 
                 RegionUninit(&crtc_damage);
             }
diff --color -Naur --exclude .git xorg-server-21.1.8/include/pixmap.h xorg-server-21.1.8-patched/include/pixmap.h
--- xorg-server-21.1.8/include/pixmap.h	2023-03-29 08:55:03.000000000 -0400
+++ xorg-server-21.1.8-patched/include/pixmap.h	2023-07-19 23:25:00.751651234 -0400
@@ -105,13 +105,15 @@
 
 extern _X_EXPORT Bool CreateScratchPixmapsForScreen(ScreenPtr /*pScreen */ );
 
-extern _X_EXPORT void FreeScratchPixmapsForScreen(ScreenPtr /*pScreen */ );
+extern _X_EXPORT Bool PixmapScreenInit(ScreenPtr /*pScreen */ );
 
 extern _X_EXPORT PixmapPtr AllocatePixmap(ScreenPtr /*pScreen */ ,
                                           int /*pixDataSize */ );
 
 extern _X_EXPORT void FreePixmap(PixmapPtr /*pPixmap */ );
 
+extern _X_EXPORT void FreeScratchPixmapsForScreen(ScreenPtr /*pScreen */ );
+
 extern _X_EXPORT PixmapPtr
 PixmapShareToSecondary(PixmapPtr pixmap, ScreenPtr secondary);
 
@@ -134,4 +136,9 @@
 extern _X_EXPORT Bool
 PixmapSyncDirtyHelper(PixmapDirtyUpdatePtr dirty);
 
+extern _X_EXPORT void
+PixmapDirtyCopyArea(PixmapPtr dst, DrawablePtr src,
+                    int x, int y, int dst_x, int dst_y,
+                    RegionPtr dirty_region);
+
 #endif                          /* PIXMAP_H */
diff --color -Naur --exclude .git xorg-server-21.1.8/meson.build xorg-server-21.1.8-patched/meson.build
--- xorg-server-21.1.8/meson.build	2023-03-29 08:55:03.000000000 -0400
+++ xorg-server-21.1.8-patched/meson.build	2023-07-19 23:32:39.011238907 -0400
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
             'c_std=gnu99',
         ],
         version: '21.1.10',
-        meson_version: '>= 0.47.0',
+        meson_version: '>= 0.56.0',
 )
 release_date = '2023-10-25'
 
diff --color -Naur --exclude .git xorg-server-21.1.8/present/present.c xorg-server-21.1.8-patched/present/present.c
--- xorg-server-21.1.8/present/present.c	2023-03-29 08:55:03.000000000 -0400
+++ xorg-server-21.1.8-patched/present/present.c	2023-07-19 23:11:47.098508794 -0400
@@ -157,7 +157,7 @@
                        uint64_t remainder,
                        uint32_t options)
 {
-    const Bool  synced_flip = !(options & PresentOptionAsync);
+    const Bool  synced_flip = !(options & PresentAllAsyncOptions);
     uint64_t    target_msc;
 
     /* If the specified target-msc lies in the future, then this
diff --color -Naur --exclude .git xorg-server-21.1.8/present/present.h xorg-server-21.1.8-patched/present/present.h
--- xorg-server-21.1.8/present/present.h	2023-03-29 08:55:03.000000000 -0400
+++ xorg-server-21.1.8-patched/present/present.h	2023-07-19 23:11:47.098508794 -0400
@@ -29,7 +29,15 @@
 
 typedef enum {
     PRESENT_FLIP_REASON_UNKNOWN,
-    PRESENT_FLIP_REASON_BUFFER_FORMAT
+    PRESENT_FLIP_REASON_BUFFER_FORMAT,
+
+    /* Don't add new flip reasons after the TearFree ones, since it's expected
+     * that the TearFree reasons are the highest ones in order to allow doing
+     * `reason >= PRESENT_FLIP_REASON_DRIVER_TEARFREE` to check if a reason is
+     * PRESENT_FLIP_REASON_DRIVER_TEARFREE{_FLIPPING}.
+     */
+    PRESENT_FLIP_REASON_DRIVER_TEARFREE,
+    PRESENT_FLIP_REASON_DRIVER_TEARFREE_FLIPPING
 } PresentFlipReason;
 
 typedef struct present_vblank present_vblank_rec, *present_vblank_ptr;
diff --color -Naur --exclude .git xorg-server-21.1.8/present/present_scmd.c xorg-server-21.1.8-patched/present/present_scmd.c
--- xorg-server-21.1.8/present/present_scmd.c	2023-03-29 08:55:03.000000000 -0400
+++ xorg-server-21.1.8-patched/present/present_scmd.c	2023-07-19 23:11:47.099508810 -0400
@@ -71,6 +71,7 @@
     PixmapPtr                   window_pixmap;
     WindowPtr                   root = screen->root;
     present_screen_priv_ptr     screen_priv = present_screen_priv(screen);
+    PresentFlipReason           tmp_reason = PRESENT_FLIP_REASON_UNKNOWN;
 
     if (crtc) {
        screen_priv = present_screen_priv(crtc->pScreen);
@@ -91,6 +92,27 @@
     if (!screen_priv->info->flip)
         return FALSE;
 
+    /* Ask the driver for permission. Do this now to see if there's TearFree. */
+    if (screen_priv->info->version >= 1 && screen_priv->info->check_flip2) {
+        if (!(*screen_priv->info->check_flip2) (crtc, window, pixmap, sync_flip, &tmp_reason)) {
+            DebugPresent(("\td %08" PRIx32 " -> %08" PRIx32 "\n", window->drawable.id, pixmap ? pixmap->drawable.id : 0));
+            /* It's fine to return now unless the page flip failure reason is
+             * PRESENT_FLIP_REASON_BUFFER_FORMAT; we must only output that
+             * reason if all the other checks pass.
+             */
+            if (!reason || tmp_reason != PRESENT_FLIP_REASON_BUFFER_FORMAT) {
+                if (reason)
+                    *reason = tmp_reason;
+                return FALSE;
+            }
+        }
+    } else if (screen_priv->info->check_flip) {
+        if (!(*screen_priv->info->check_flip) (crtc, window, pixmap, sync_flip)) {
+            DebugPresent(("\td %08" PRIx32 " -> %08" PRIx32 "\n", window->drawable.id, pixmap ? pixmap->drawable.id : 0));
+            return FALSE;
+        }
+    }
+
     /* Make sure the window hasn't been redirected with Composite */
     window_pixmap = screen->GetWindowPixmap(window);
     if (window_pixmap != screen->GetScreenPixmap(screen) &&
@@ -115,7 +137,7 @@
 
     /* Does the window match the pixmap exactly? */
     if (window->drawable.x != 0 || window->drawable.y != 0 ||
-#ifdef COMPOSITE
+#if defined(COMPOSITE) || defined(ROOTLESS)
         window->drawable.x != pixmap->screen_x || window->drawable.y != pixmap->screen_y ||
 #endif
         window->drawable.width != pixmap->drawable.width ||
@@ -123,17 +145,10 @@
         return FALSE;
     }
 
-    /* Ask the driver for permission */
-    if (screen_priv->info->version >= 1 && screen_priv->info->check_flip2) {
-        if (!(*screen_priv->info->check_flip2) (crtc, window, pixmap, sync_flip, reason)) {
-            DebugPresent(("\td %08" PRIx32 " -> %08" PRIx32 "\n", window->drawable.id, pixmap ? pixmap->drawable.id : 0));
-            return FALSE;
-        }
-    } else if (screen_priv->info->check_flip) {
-        if (!(*screen_priv->info->check_flip) (crtc, window, pixmap, sync_flip)) {
-            DebugPresent(("\td %08" PRIx32 " -> %08" PRIx32 "\n", window->drawable.id, pixmap ? pixmap->drawable.id : 0));
-            return FALSE;
-        }
+    if (tmp_reason == PRESENT_FLIP_REASON_BUFFER_FORMAT) {
+        if (reason)
+            *reason = tmp_reason;
+        return FALSE;
     }
 
     return TRUE;
@@ -456,7 +471,9 @@
     xorg_list_for_each_entry(vblank, &window_priv->vblank, window_list) {
         if (vblank->queued && vblank->flip && !present_check_flip(vblank->crtc, window, vblank->pixmap, vblank->sync_flip, NULL, 0, 0, &reason)) {
             vblank->flip = FALSE;
-            vblank->reason = reason;
+            /* Don't spuriously flag this as a TearFree presentation */
+            if (reason < PRESENT_FLIP_REASON_DRIVER_TEARFREE)
+                vblank->reason = reason;
             if (vblank->sync_flip)
                 vblank->exec_msc = vblank->target_msc;
         }
@@ -560,7 +577,9 @@
     xorg_list_del(&vblank->window_list);
     vblank->queued = FALSE;
 
-    if (vblank->pixmap && vblank->window) {
+    if (vblank->pixmap && vblank->window &&
+        (vblank->reason < PRESENT_FLIP_REASON_DRIVER_TEARFREE ||
+         vblank->exec_msc != vblank->target_msc)) {
 
         if (vblank->flip) {
 
@@ -627,6 +646,51 @@
 
         present_execute_copy(vblank, crtc_msc);
 
+        /* With TearFree, there's no way to tell exactly when the presentation
+         * will be visible except by waiting for a notification from the kernel
+         * driver indicating that the page flip is complete. This is because the
+         * CRTC's MSC can change while the target MSC is calculated and even
+         * while the page flip IOCTL is sent to the kernel due to scheduling
+         * delays and/or unfortunate timing. Even worse, a page flip isn't
+         * actually guaranteed to be finished after one vblank; it may be
+         * several MSCs until a flip actually finishes depending on delays and
+         * load in hardware.
+         *
+         * So, to get a notification from the driver with TearFree active, the
+         * driver expects a present_flip() call with a NULL pixmap to indicate
+         * that this is a fake flip for a pixmap that's already been copied to
+         * the primary scanout, which will then be flipped by TearFree. TearFree
+         * will then send a notification once the flip containing this pixmap is
+         * complete.
+         *
+         * If the fake flip attempt fails, then fall back to just enqueuing a
+         * vblank event targeting the next MSC.
+         */
+        if (!vblank->queued &&
+            vblank->reason >= PRESENT_FLIP_REASON_DRIVER_TEARFREE) {
+            uint64_t completion_msc = crtc_msc + 1;
+
+            /* If TearFree is already flipping then the presentation will be
+             * visible at the *next* next vblank. This calculation only matters
+             * for the vblank event fallback.
+             */
+            if (vblank->reason == PRESENT_FLIP_REASON_DRIVER_TEARFREE_FLIPPING &&
+                vblank->exec_msc < crtc_msc)
+                    completion_msc++;
+
+            /* Try the fake flip first and then fall back to a vblank event */
+            if (present_flip(vblank->crtc, vblank->event_id, 0, NULL, TRUE) ||
+                Success == screen_priv->queue_vblank(screen,
+                                                     window,
+                                                     vblank->crtc,
+                                                     vblank->event_id,
+                                                     completion_msc)) {
+                /* Ensure present_execute_post() runs at the next execution */
+                vblank->exec_msc = vblank->target_msc;
+                vblank->queued = TRUE;
+            }
+        }
+
         if (vblank->queued) {
             xorg_list_add(&vblank->event_queue, &present_exec_queue);
             xorg_list_append(&vblank->window_list,
@@ -739,6 +803,11 @@
             if (vblank->crtc != target_crtc || vblank->target_msc != target_msc)
                 continue;
 
+            /* Too late to abort now if TearFree execution already happened */
+            if (vblank->reason >= PRESENT_FLIP_REASON_DRIVER_TEARFREE &&
+                vblank->exec_msc == vblank->target_msc)
+                continue;
+
             present_vblank_scrap(vblank);
             if (vblank->flip_ready)
                 present_re_execute(vblank);
@@ -767,7 +836,12 @@
 
     vblank->event_id = ++present_scmd_event_id;
 
-    if (vblank->flip && vblank->sync_flip)
+    /* The soonest presentation is crtc_msc+2 if TearFree is already flipping */
+    if (vblank->reason == PRESENT_FLIP_REASON_DRIVER_TEARFREE_FLIPPING &&
+        !msc_is_after(vblank->exec_msc, crtc_msc + 1))
+        vblank->exec_msc -= 2;
+    else if (vblank->reason >= PRESENT_FLIP_REASON_DRIVER_TEARFREE ||
+             (vblank->flip && vblank->sync_flip))
         vblank->exec_msc--;
 
     xorg_list_append(&vblank->event_queue, &present_exec_queue);
